U.S. Army
The U.S. Army was established on June 14, 1775. The main reason it was created, and the role it had in the past, was to replace the Continental Army, the roots of the U.S. Army, after the Revolutionary War. In today's day, the purpose is "to fight and win our Nation’s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders." They are here to defend the United States and protect the american people.
One important event for the U.S. Army is the day it was created, and the Revolutionary War because it led to the creation of the Army. The Civil War was important because it tested the strength of the US Army. June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, is another major event that took place because it was the turning point of World War II. August 10, 1949 is important because the Department of Defense was created which is what the U.S. Army is a part of. September 11, 2001 launched the United States into the war on terrorism.
Famous Leaders:
George Washington,
Winfield Scott: Known as Old Fuss and Feathers and made the Anaconda Plan.
Robert E. Lee: Famous confederate general in the Civil War.
Ulysses S. Grant: Famous union general in the Civil War.
Dwight D. Eisenhower: World War II.
George S. Patton: Involved in Normandy.
H. Norman Schwarzkopf: Involved with operation Desert Storm, served in the Vietnam War.
Famous Battles/Wars:
War of 1812: Led America to independence. The army stopped the British from taking Baltimore and New Orleans.
Civil War: Southern states seceded from the Union.
Battle of Gettysburg: Turning point in the war, confederate troops were forced to retreat.
World War I: Germany declared war on Russia and France, Great Britain declared war on them and the US Army got involved.
World War II: Germany tried to establish an empire in Europe.
D-Day: Troops were dropped in Normandy and it was a turning point in the war.
Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's last try to stop the Allies from advancing on Germany.
Organization and Ranks:
Rank Order of Enlisted and Non-Commissioned Officers:
Private, Brigadier General, Major General, Lieutenant General, General, General of the Army, Private First Class, Specialist, Corporal, Sergeant, Sergeant First Class, Master Sergeant, First Sergeant, Sergeant Major, Command Sergeant Major, Sergeant Major of the Army
Commissioned Officers:
Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, Brigadier General, Major General, Lieutenant General, General, General of the Army
Organization:
Field Army (2-5 Corps), Corps (2-5 divisions), Division (3 brigades), Brigade (3 or more battalions), Battalion (3-5 companies), Company (3-4 platoons), Platoon (3-4 Squads), Squad (4-10 soldiers)
U.S. Navy
The Navy was started by the Continental Congress on October 13, 1775. The main role of the U.S. Navy is to participate in naval warfare, including operations with ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation. Its mission is to protect areas beyond our shores. Originally the role of the U.S. Navy was just to protect the United States border but now, they are all over the world.
One important event is the creation of the Naval Act of 1794, which offically made the U.S. Navy. The Naval Academy was founded in 1846. On December 7, 1941 the U.S. Navy was pulled into World War II because of Pearl Harbor, and was also later involved in the Cold War.
Famous Leaders:
Commodore John Barry
Vern Clark
Donnie Cochran
Arleigh Burke
Jeremy Michael Boorda
Bill Branon
Famous Battles:
Battle of Manila Bay-Spanish-American in 1898
Battle of Midway- World War II in 1942
First Battle of Sacket's Harbor- War of 1812 on July 19, 1812
Organization/Ranks:
U.S. Airforce
The US Airforce was created as a seperate branch on September 18, 1947. The National Securtiy Act of 1947 is what created it. The US Airforce is the largest and most advanced in the World. The mission and main role of this branch is "In general the United States Air Force shall include aviation forces both combat and service not otherwise assigned. It shall be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained offensive and defensive air operations. The Air Force shall be responsible for the preparation of the air forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of the Air Force to meet the needs of war." The main role of the branch in the past was much like the role it has today.
On Aug. 1, 1907 the U.S. Army Signal Corps created a branch with a mission similiar to today's. May 20, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson transferred the Signal Corps into two seperate branches. The Air Corps Act of 1926 was important because it changed the name to Air Corps instead of Air Service.
Planes:
P-1 Hawk – Curtiss
O-2 – Douglas
OA-1– Loening
T-6 Texan – North American
Famous Battles:
World War I-Germany declared war on Russia and France, Great Britain declared war on them
World War II- Germany tried to create an empire in Europe
Cold War- Undeclared war between the Western Powers and Eastern Europe. It was an arms race, space race, and proxy wars.
Vietnam War- Vietnam becomes divided.
Organization/Ranks:
